Internal-combustion engine.



J. R. SCOTT. INTERNAL coNBus-noN ENGINE.-

AIPLICATION FILED AUG.8| 1913.

Patented June 12, 1917.

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IACOB RUPERT SCOTT, OF NORTH WEYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF 'lJViO--1 TENTHS T0 EDWARD H. KAVANAGH AND TWO-TENTHS TO JAMES W. COLGAN, BOTH OF WEYIVIOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS.'

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented June 12, 19T?.

Application filed August 8, `1913. Serial No. 783,775.

T o all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, JACOB RUPERT SCOTT, a citizen of the United States, residing at North Weymouth, county of Norfolk, State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvenient in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawing, is a specification, like characters on the drawing representing like parts.

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines and i-s especially adapted for use in engines which are sup-1 plied with gaseous or liquid fuel. In the latter case the liquid fuel being, of course, vaporized by a suitable carbureter or other vaporizing device. Engines of this character work in cycles, the explos ve mixture being vdrawn in upon the suction stroke of the piston, compressed upon the return stroke, ignited and exploded, causing the piston to be forced to the end of its stroke lto supply power to suitable transmission devices, and the burned gas expelled upon the return stroke of the piston.- In engines of this character the gas or vaporized fuel is ordinarily mixed with air in a chamber communicating with the cylinder and is drawn directly from such mixing chamber upon the suction stroke of the piston. In starting the engine the crank to which the'piston is attached is ordinarily turned over by hand or other power, causing the piston to draw a supply of explosive mixture into the cylinder from the carbureter. When the engine has been standing and becomes cold ordinarily there is not a sufficient amount of explosive mixture drawn into the cylinder upon the first suction stroke to be ignited by the spark producing means within the cylinder and it is necessary to times before getting a starting explosion.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide meanswhereby a sulicient quantity of explosive mixture will be supplied to the cylinder on the first suction stroke tol start the engine.

Another object of this invention is to increase the efficiency of internal combustion t engines by supplying the explosion chamber thereof with heated and preliminarily expanded charges of explosivejmixture, Ap

Frequently in engines of this character the valves between the cylinder and the mixing chamber do not close tightly or with suiiicient rapidity and back firing takes place, which injures or destroys the carbureter. Another object of this invention is to overcome this defect by yinterposing a chamber provided with one or more automatic valves between this mixing'chamber and the cylinder. y

I have discovered that by providing a normally closed chamber between the main cylinder and the mixing chamber or carbureter and providing valves in the ports communicating with thecylinder and the mixing chamber and means for actuating them at proper intervals the engine will be supplied with'suiicient explosivemixture upon the first suction stroke of the piston to start the same, that by heating the ex losive mixture in said intermediate cham er a much greater eiiiciency can be obtained from the engine, and that,danger of back ring into the mixing chamber or carbureter can be" fully prevented.

This invention may be embodied in various forms of apparatus, certain of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, and described in the following specication. It is to be understood however, that my invention is notlimited to the particular forms thus disclosed, but may be incorporated in various other forms of apparatus` drawings and will be particularly pointedl out in the following claim.

In the drawings; y r

Figure 1 represents a plan View of a two cylinder engine embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section ontheline Q--2- Fig. 1 showing the intermediate chamber and the relative position of the Avalves leading to the mixing chamber and cylinders respectively.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3 3 Fig. 1 showing the cylinder in section and the relative positions of the inlet and exhaust valves therefor.

In the preferred embodiment of this in.- vention as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive, 1 representsa bed plate from which I-setwo Water jacketed cylinders 2 of the 5, opening 1n the the explosive mixture toward the cylmderay ordinary form having suitable pistons, not shown. Ports 3 are provided in of the respective cylinders vand communicate with valve chambers 4, in which are valves direction of the flow of direction or iow of the explosive mixture.

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The 'valves 6 are provided with the stems 11 and are retained normally in their seats by springs 12 which surround said stems and are rendered adjustable by check nuts l13. They are preferably caused to open by suitable mechanism operated through cams or gears from the main shaft of the engine.

These valves, however, may be caused to open automatically against the tension ofl their springs by the suction of the piston. The valve 10 which leads to the mixing chamber or carbureter is preferably held in its seat by a yspring 14 surrounding its valve stem 15 and adjustably secured Athereto by check nuts 16. The valve 10 is preferably openedagainst the tensin' of its spring 14 by the suction from the cylinder upon the suction stroke of thepiston, and is therefore automatic in its action.

In Fig. 3 of the drawings the position of the intermediate chamber 7 and the valve 5 Aleading therefrom to the cylinder is shown,

and upon the opposite side the exhaust port 17 and valve 18 therefor. The valve 18 is provided with a stem 19 which. is actuated by a cam or other suitable mechanism driven from the engine shaft to open the valve. It may be closed by similar mechanism, but is preferably closed by a spring 20 surrounding the valve stem and adjustably secured thereto by nuts 21.

' Suitable openings 22 may beprovided in the upper wall-.of the intermediate chamber for the introduction and removal of the valves. These openings are crew-threaded and are adapted to be clo ed by suitable plugs 23 of the usual form.

In the operation of the machine embodythepiston draws into the cylinder the mixturewhich is retained in the intermediate chamber and so much additional explosive mixture ,from the carbureter as is necessary for a' complete charge for the cylinder. At the beginning of the compression stroke the valves 5 are released from the cam or other mechanism and are caused to close by their springs l2. The valve 10 likethe sidesV "Lasopea wiseis forced into its seat by its spring 14, thus trapping so much explosive mixture as has been drawn into the intermediate chamber during the suction stroke of the piston. The mixture thus trapped in the intermediate chamber is retained during the explosion stroke and all of the subsequent strokes prior to the next suction stroke when the chamber is again emptied into the cylinder 'and the process repeated so long as the engine continues to run.

`When thelengine is stopped in the usual manner by cutting out the spark in the cylinder, a charge of explosive mixture will be retained in the intermediate chamber and when the engine is again started will 'be immediately drawn into the cylinder ready to be exploded upon the completion of the compression stroke. This His found to aid very materially in starting the engine and I have experienced no difficulty in starting immediately without turning the engine over more than once, as is ordinarily necessary in starting engines of this character.

The eficicncy of the engine is also greatly increased in the use of this invention by heating and expanding the explosive mixture in the intermediate chamber prior to its introduction into the cylinder. In the preferred forms of apparatus embodying my invention the intermediate chamber is placed adjacent to and between the cylinders of the engine, where a plurality of cylinders are used, as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and adjacent to the cylinder where a single cylinder is used. By reason of this position the walls of the intermediate chamber receive a considerable amount ofthe heat from the walls of the engine cylinder or cylinders. If it is found desirable to supply additionalheat to the intermediate chamber the exhaust from the cylinder may 'be caused invention the heated and expanded gaseous mixture'is in a much more ready condition for ignition than a non-heated mixture would be and I have found that the ef- {iciency of the engine is very greatly increased thereby.

It is understood that this invention may be` embodied in other forms within the meaning and scope of the following claim.'

'Having' fully described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

In an internal combustion engine comprising a plurality fof cylinders and pistons therefor, fuel supplying means, a heating chambery intermediate said fuel supplying means andsaid cylinders located at one side of and adjacent to said cylinders and havsaid heating chamber, a suction operated valve for said last mentioned port, all of said valves being located upon the same side of the cylinders whereby the explosive mixture will be trapped in said intermediate cham ber and heated preparatory to its introduc- 10 tion into the cylinders.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specication, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.V

JACOB RUPERT SCOTT.

Witnesses: Y

FREDERICK A. TENNANT, THOMAS J. DRUMMOND.

@eines of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, byl addressing the FGommissioner of Patents,

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